{
 "name": "Big Rig Risk: used-equipment price and failure-risk dataset",
 "license": "Free to use with attribution and a link to https://bigrigrisk.com/",
 "generated": "2026-10-04",
 "recordCount": 38,
 "records": [
  {
   "slug": "freightliner-cascadia-cummins-isx15",
   "make": "Freightliner",
   "model": "Cascadia",
   "category": "Cummins ISX15",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 5,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used pricing varies; see sources. Biggest documented cost risk: the fuel pump, the most common complaint across model years. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/freightliner-cascadia-cummins-isx15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh6-x3lp-iM"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t680-cummins-x15",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T680",
   "category": "Cummins X15",
   "priceLow": 12000,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": 12000,
   "priceObservations": 2,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "One observed listing at $12,000, a thin comp set. Biggest documented cost risk: the fuel pump, the most common complaint. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t680-cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh6-x3lp-iM"
  },
  {
   "slug": "peterbilt-579-cummins-x15",
   "make": "Peterbilt",
   "model": "579",
   "category": "Cummins X15",
   "priceLow": 9000,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": 9000,
   "priceObservations": 1,
   "riskCount": 5,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "One observed listing at $9,000, a thin comp set. Biggest documented cost risk: the fuel pump, the most common complaint. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/peterbilt-579-cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh6-x3lp-iM"
  },
  {
   "slug": "peterbilt-389-cummins-x15",
   "make": "Peterbilt",
   "model": "389",
   "category": "Cummins X15",
   "priceLow": 79950,
   "priceTypical": 99950,
   "priceHigh": 149950,
   "priceObservations": 15,
   "riskCount": 5,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used Peterbilt 389: $79,950–$149,950 observed used across 15 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: roadside coolant leaks and injectors at about $1,000 each. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/peterbilt-389-cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFo8-VoM_kU"
  },
  {
   "slug": "volvo-vnl-760-volvo-d13",
   "make": "Volvo",
   "model": "VNL 760",
   "category": "Volvo D13",
   "priceLow": 54999,
   "priceTypical": 69900,
   "priceHigh": 74950,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 8,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used Volvo VNL 760: $54,999–$74,950 observed used across 3 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: EGR system, Full engine. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/volvo-vnl-760-volvo-d13/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.truckpaper.com/listings/for-sale/volvo/vnl-760/sleeper-trucks"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-lt-cummins-x15",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "LT",
   "category": "Cummins X15",
   "priceLow": 39950,
   "priceTypical": 50950,
   "priceHigh": 101500,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used International LT: $39,950–$101,500 observed used across 3 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: the fuel pump, the most common X15 complaint. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-lt-cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddvI0EP_ANg"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-prostar-cummins-isx15",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "ProStar",
   "category": "Cummins ISX15",
   "priceLow": 16950,
   "priceTypical": 25000,
   "priceHigh": 70904,
   "priceObservations": 15,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used International ProStar: $16,950–$70,904 observed used across 15 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: a possible full ISX rebuild and an active oil pan leak. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-prostar-cummins-isx15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kP3vMQJaAFI"
  },
  {
   "slug": "mack-anthem-mack-mp8",
   "make": "Mack",
   "model": "Anthem",
   "category": "Mack MP8",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used pricing varies; see sources. Biggest documented cost risk: turbo and actuator failure with DPF fouling. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/mack-anthem-mack-mp8/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.truckpaper.com/listings/for-sale/mack/anthem/sleeper-trucks"
  },
  {
   "slug": "mack-pinnacle-mack-mp8",
   "make": "Mack",
   "model": "Pinnacle",
   "category": "Mack MP8",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 9,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "The MP8's known money pits are the injector cups and the aftertreatment: a full injector cup job runs $1,500–$2,500, camshaft work $4,000–$7,000, and a full aftertreatment replacement can top $5,000. Check for cup-seal coolant leaks and regen/NOx faults before buying.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/mack-pinnacle-mack-mp8/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5KofkC_2Y0"
  },
  {
   "slug": "western-star-49x-detroit-dd15",
   "make": "Western Star",
   "model": "49X",
   "category": "Detroit DD15",
   "priceLow": 82250,
   "priceTypical": 89900,
   "priceHigh": 119900,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used Western Star 49X: $82,250–$119,900 observed used across 3 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: repeat dealer repairs on 2022 units and the DD15 EGR valve and cooler. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/western-star-49x-detroit-dd15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.truckpaper.com/listings/for-sale/western-star/49x/conventional-day-cab-trucks"
  },
  {
   "slug": "freightliner-coronado-cummins-isx15",
   "make": "Freightliner",
   "model": "Coronado",
   "category": "Cummins ISX15",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 6,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used pricing varies; see sources. Biggest documented cost risk: 2012 Coronado, \"eng controller no response\" dash warning. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/freightliner-coronado-cummins-isx15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMdGxD5_wNk"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t660-cummins-isx15",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T660",
   "category": "Cummins ISX15",
   "priceLow": 22900,
   "priceTypical": 31950,
   "priceHigh": 69950,
   "priceObservations": 4,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used Kenworth T660: $22,900–$69,950 observed used across 4 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: injectors at about $1,000 each and loss of power. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t660-cummins-isx15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.truckpaper.com/listings/for-sale/kenworth/t660/sleeper-trucks"
  },
  {
   "slug": "volvo-vnl-670-volvo-d13",
   "make": "Volvo",
   "model": "VNL 670",
   "category": "Volvo D13",
   "priceLow": 4900,
   "priceTypical": 24950,
   "priceHigh": 39900,
   "priceObservations": 6,
   "riskCount": 8,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used Volvo VNL 670: $4,900–$39,900 observed used across 6 listings. The documented cost risk to price in: Crankcase pressure sensor, EGR system. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/volvo-vnl-670-volvo-d13/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.truckpaper.com/listings/for-sale/volvo/vnl-670/sleeper-trucks"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-lonestar-cummins-x15",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "LoneStar",
   "category": "Cummins X15",
   "priceLow": 31000,
   "priceTypical": 57495,
   "priceHigh": 139900,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 6,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Used International LoneStar: $31,000–$139,900 observed used across 3 listings. Buy only after inspection.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-lonestar-cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh6-x3lp-iM"
  },
  {
   "slug": "paccar-mx-13",
   "make": "Paccar",
   "model": "MX-13",
   "category": "heavy truck diesel engine",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "A capable Paccar engine, but the emissions hardware is where the money goes: budget an EGR cooler at $2,200–$2,800, a turbocharger at $3,500–$4,500 (incl. labor), and an eventual DPF replacement at $4,000–$6,000, with injectors $400–$800 each. Inspect the aftertreatment and injector history before buying.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/paccar-mx-13/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/paccar-mx-13-engine-reliability-and-maintenance-guide/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-w990",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "W990",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 79950,
   "priceTypical": 95990,
   "priceHigh": 154950,
   "priceObservations": 5,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Kenworth W990, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-w990/",
   "primarySource": "https://highwayandheavyparts.com/blog/paccar-mx13-common-engine-issues/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "peterbilt-567",
   "make": "Peterbilt",
   "model": "567",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 43750,
   "priceTypical": 72450,
   "priceHigh": 141950,
   "priceObservations": 6,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Peterbilt 567, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/peterbilt-567/",
   "primarySource": "https://specstch.com/peterbilt-567-dump-truck-specs-issues-and-solutions/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "volvo-vnr",
   "make": "Volvo",
   "model": "VNR",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 29995,
   "priceTypical": 39999,
   "priceHigh": 49999,
   "priceObservations": 9,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Volvo VNR, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/volvo-vnr/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.cherishyourcar.com/volvo-d13-engine-problems/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-rh-series",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "RH Series",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 15500,
   "priceTypical": 24495,
   "priceHigh": 30224,
   "priceObservations": 7,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the International RH Series, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-rh-series/",
   "primarySource": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/tsbs/2025/MC-11017819-0001.pdf"
  },
  {
   "slug": "mack-granite-mack-mp8",
   "make": "Mack",
   "model": "Granite",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 95000,
   "priceTypical": 95000,
   "priceHigh": 144900,
   "priceObservations": 7,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Mack Granite, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/mack-granite-mack-mp8/",
   "primarySource": "https://carcodefinder.com/diesel/codes/volvo-mack-mp8-egr-cooler-coolant-leak/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t880",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T880",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 75950,
   "priceTypical": 75950,
   "priceHigh": 75950,
   "priceObservations": 8,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Kenworth T880, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t880/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/kenworth-t880-vocational-truck-maintenance-guide/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "peterbilt-379",
   "make": "Peterbilt",
   "model": "379",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 39995,
   "priceTypical": 55900,
   "priceHigh": 79950,
   "priceObservations": 7,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Peterbilt 379, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/peterbilt-379/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/cummins-isx15-engine-problems-a-mechanic-s-perspective"
  },
  {
   "slug": "peterbilt-348",
   "make": "Peterbilt",
   "model": "348",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 39900,
   "priceTypical": 81450,
   "priceHigh": 179950,
   "priceObservations": 4,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Peterbilt 348, sourced and dated. Note: no 348-specific failure documentation exists publicly; the risks below are drawn from a Kenworth T880 vocational-duty guide (a PACCAR-sibling vocational chassis) and are disclosed as a cross-model proxy, not confirmed 348-specific.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/peterbilt-348/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/kenworth-t880-vocational-truck-maintenance-guide"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-w900",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "W900",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 59950,
   "priceTypical": 90000,
   "priceHigh": 209950,
   "priceObservations": 6,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "$59,950–$209,950 observed used across 6 comps, and price tracks mileage. High-mile (455k–655k) trucks land $89k–$175k, low-mile late units $175k–$230k. The W900 shell is sold across many engine specs, so buy on the specific engine (ISX15 / legacy C15) and driveline, not the badge.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-w900/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/cummins-isx15-engine-problems-a-mechanic-s-perspective"
  },
  {
   "slug": "freightliner-m2-106",
   "make": "Freightliner",
   "model": "M2 106",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 35495,
   "priceTypical": 46300,
   "priceHigh": 66264,
   "priceObservations": 15,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Freightliner M2 106, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/freightliner-m2-106/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/freightliner-m2-box-truck-common-problems"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-durastar",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "DuraStar",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 19600,
   "priceTypical": 37950,
   "priceHigh": 61995,
   "priceObservations": 5,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the International DuraStar, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-durastar/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/international-4300-medium-duty-maintenance-and-known-issues"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t370",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T370",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 29900,
   "priceTypical": 46265,
   "priceHigh": 69900,
   "priceObservations": 5,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Kenworth T370, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t370/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/allison-automatic-transmission-maintenance-and-common-issues"
  },
  {
   "slug": "western-star-4700",
   "make": "Western Star",
   "model": "4700",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 42500,
   "priceTypical": 149900,
   "priceHigh": 179900,
   "priceObservations": 5,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Western Star 4700, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/western-star-4700/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/detroit-dd15-engine-known-issues-and-maintenance-tips"
  },
  {
   "slug": "freightliner-114sd",
   "make": "Freightliner",
   "model": "114SD",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 74900,
   "priceTypical": 116225,
   "priceHigh": 129900,
   "priceObservations": 4,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Freightliner 114SD, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/freightliner-114sd/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/detroit-dd15-engine-known-issues-and-maintenance-tips"
  },
  {
   "slug": "international-hx-series",
   "make": "International",
   "model": "HX Series",
   "category": "heavy truck (vocational/medium-duty)",
   "priceLow": 69500,
   "priceTypical": 99900,
   "priceHigh": 99900,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the International HX Series, sourced and dated.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/international-hx-series/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/navistar-a26-engine-performance-problems-and-maintenance"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t800",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T800",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 23500,
   "priceTypical": 64973,
   "priceHigh": 144950,
   "priceObservations": 10,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points and real market prices for the Kenworth T800.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t800/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/caterpillar-truck-engines-legacy-maintenance-guide"
  },
  {
   "slug": "freightliner-columbia",
   "make": "Freightliner",
   "model": "Columbia",
   "category": "heavy truck",
   "priceLow": 7850,
   "priceTypical": 16400,
   "priceHigh": 21900,
   "priceObservations": 4,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Documented failure points (component-level, see note) and real market prices for the Freightliner Columbia. Note: no Columbia-specific failure documentation exists publicly; the risks below are documented failures of components commonly spec'd in Columbias (Eaton Fuller transmission, Meritor axles, Haldex ABS), disclosed as component-level evidence rather than model-specific.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/freightliner-columbia/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/eaton-fuller-transmission-problems-and-solutions"
  },
  {
   "slug": "western-star-4900",
   "make": "Western Star",
   "model": "4900",
   "category": "on-highway tractor",
   "priceLow": 24950,
   "priceTypical": 45000,
   "priceHigh": 105900,
   "priceObservations": 6,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": true,
   "headline": "$24,950–$105,900 observed used (6 real listings; ~$45k typical). The classic 4900 runs pre-2010 Cat C15 / MBE4000 / early Detroit power, which is a California-registration risk (DPF retrofit $15k–$25k on 2007–2009 units) and the source of confirmed engine-fire recalls. Inspect the powertrain and check the VIN against NHTSA before buying.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/western-star-4900/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.soarr.com/for-sale/trucks/0/Western%20Star/4900/all-for-sale"
  },
  {
   "slug": "kenworth-t600",
   "make": "Kenworth",
   "model": "T600",
   "category": "on-highway tractor",
   "priceLow": 31950,
   "priceTypical": 40000,
   "priceHigh": 50000,
   "priceObservations": 3,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": true,
   "headline": "$31,950–$50,000 observed (3 real listings). The T600 was discontinued in 2007, so units are scarce and high-mileage; the priced units show 760k–1.39M miles. The whole used population is pre-2010, so it likely cannot be legally registered in California without a $15k–$25k DPF retrofit. Inspect the high-mile powertrain hard.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/kenworth-t600/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.soarr.com/for-sale/trucks/0/Kenworth/T600/all-for-sale"
  },
  {
   "slug": "caterpillar-c15",
   "make": "Caterpillar",
   "model": "C15",
   "category": "heavy truck diesel engine",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 4,
   "recall": true,
   "headline": "The C15 regularly exceeds 800,000 miles before overhaul when maintained. But Caterpillar stopped building on-highway engines in 2009, so every C15 in a used truck is pre-2010 and NOT California-registerable without a DPF retrofit/engine replacement. The big-ticket repairs: injectors $4k–$6k, turbo $3k–$5k, and an overheat that cracks a head can run $15k–$25k. Two C15-specific NHTSA fire recalls are on record.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/caterpillar-c15/",
   "primarySource": "https://skylinerrepaircenter.com/blog/caterpillar-truck-engines-legacy-maintenance-guide"
  },
  {
   "slug": "detroit-dd13",
   "make": "Detroit",
   "model": "DD13",
   "category": "heavy truck diesel engine",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": true,
   "headline": "A 2010+ engine that \"complies with EPA, CARB emissions, GHG, and OBD requirements\", making it the clean California-legal contrast to a pre-2010 Cat C15 or Series 60. Watch the shared Detroit one-box aftertreatment (ACM $1,800–$2,400, one-box $4,000–$6,000 on the DD15 sibling) and confirmed DD13-named Bosch fuel-pump / fuel-line recalls.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-11",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/detroit-dd13/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.demanddetroit.com/engines/dd13/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "cummins-x15",
   "make": "Cummins",
   "model": "X15",
   "category": "heavy-duty diesel engine",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 5,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "High-pressure fuel pump (CM2250/CM2350) is the X15's headline failure, with owners paying roughly $3,000 plus labor and a recommended 300k-400k mile replacement interval. Inspect fuel pump history and mileage before buying.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-14",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/cummins-x15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.thetruckersreport.com/truckingindustryforum/posts/7961645/"
  },
  {
   "slug": "detroit-dd15",
   "make": "Detroit",
   "model": "DD15",
   "category": "heavy-duty diesel engine",
   "priceLow": null,
   "priceTypical": null,
   "priceHigh": null,
   "priceObservations": 0,
   "riskCount": 3,
   "recall": false,
   "headline": "Recurring EGR cooler cracking and turbo cartridge seal failures show up on DD15s past 700k miles, with one verified $400 coolant reservoir fix. Inspect the EGR/turbo/coolant history before buying.",
   "lastVerified": "2026-09-14",
   "url": "https://bigrigrisk.com/trucks/detroit-dd15/",
   "primarySource": "https://www.thetruckersreport.com/truckingindustryforum/posts/12315786/"
  }
 ]
}